BBC - The Blue Planet (8 of 8) - Coasts
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The coast - the frontier[br]between land and sea
00:00:49.30,00:00:53.31
This is the most dynamic[br]of all the ocean habitats
00:00:53.31,00:00:56.31
The challenge here is[br]to survive change
00:00:56.31,00:01:00.30
Extreme change
00:01:26.34,00:01:30.34
Cape Douglas, on the most[br]westerly of the Galapagos islands,
00:01:30.34,00:01:34.35
totally unprotected from the massive[br]rollers of the Pacific Ocean
00:01:34.35,00:01:38.34
and one of the roughest[br]coastlines in the world
00:02:13.39,00:02:17.38
The marine iguanas of the Galapagos[br]are the world's only sea-going lizards
00:02:26.40,00:02:30.39
Seaweed is all they eat,[br]but doing so is a dangerous business
00:02:33.41,00:02:36.41
The local crabs have[br]become specially flattened,
00:02:36.41,00:02:39.41
minimising the effect[br]of the pounding waves
00:02:39.41,00:02:43.41
And the iguanas have huge[br]claws to grip the rocks
00:02:44.42,00:02:47.42
This seaweed really is fast food
00:02:47.42,00:02:50.42
There are only a few seconds[br]in which to grab a few mouthfuls
00:02:50.42,00:02:54.42
before the next breaker[br]comes pounding in
00:03:01.44,00:03:04.44
Female iguanas feed[br]only on the exposed rocks,
00:03:04.44,00:03:08.43
but the males which are larger swim and[br]dive beneath the surface to reach the weed
00:03:13.45,00:03:15.45
They go as deep as ten metres,
00:03:15.45,00:03:19.44
for there beyond the destructive reach[br]of the waves, they find the best fronds
00:03:21.46,00:03:24.46
Being cold-blooded they[br]have to return to land
00:03:24.46,00:03:28.45
after about ten minutes or[br]so to warm up again in the sun
00:03:44.48,00:03:48.48
Finding food is not the only[br]challenge for coastal residents
00:03:48.48,00:03:52.49
These rocky shores are hardly[br]a safe place to lay their eggs
00:03:52.49,00:03:55.49
and each year the marine iguanas[br]have to journey inland
00:03:55.49,00:03:59.48
to find a more suitable one
00:04:01.50,00:04:05.50
The females lay their eggs in burrows[br]and leave them there to hatch,
00:04:05.50,00:04:09.49
and to do that they[br]need nice soft sand
00:04:19.51,00:04:23.52
Down at the water edge, it was easy[br]to escape danger in rocky crevices,
00:04:23.52,00:04:27.51
but up here the females[br]are dangerously exposed
00:04:29.52,00:04:33.52
A Galapagos hawk
00:05:01.56,00:05:05.55
The lizards don't give up[br]without a struggle
00:05:24.58,00:05:28.57
These hawks stay on the coast all year[br]But they are exceptional
00:05:29.58,00:05:33.59
The majority of the birds[br]that frequent this frontier
00:05:33.59,00:05:37.59
spend most of their time elsewhere[br]- in or above the open ocean
00:05:37.59,00:05:41.58
However all seabirds have to come[br]to land in order to lay their eggs
00:05:42.60,00:05:46.60
And after spending many lonely[br]months searching the ocean for food,
00:05:46.60,00:05:50.59
they have to re-establish[br]their social relationships
00:05:52.61,00:05:56.60
Frigate birds display and[br]exchange nesting material
00:06:00.61,00:06:04.61
Waved albatross dance
00:06:14.63,00:06:18.62
The need to lay their egg on firm ground[br]ties the albatross to the coast
00:06:20.63,00:06:22.64
but parental responsibilities[br]are shared
00:06:22.64,00:06:26.63
While one looks after the egg,[br]...the other can go off to feed
00:06:54.67,00:06:58.67
The need to breed brings[br]many different animals
00:06:58.67,00:07:01.68
to the coast each year[br]for a few weeks
00:07:01.68,00:07:05.68
Male sea turtles spend all[br]their lives at sea, but the females,
00:07:05.68,00:07:09.67
like birds, must come to[br]land to lay their eggs
00:07:15.69,00:07:19.68
To do that green turtles that live[br]and feed off the coast of Brazil
00:07:20.69,00:07:24.69
swim fifteen hundred miles to the[br]tiny island of Ascension
00:07:25.70,00:07:29.69
that lies bang in the middle[br]of the Atlantic Ocean
00:07:39.71,00:07:43.72
Exactly how they manage to[br]navigate with such accuracy
00:07:43.72,00:07:47.71
and find this tiny lump of rock,[br]just seven miles wide is a mystery
00:07:51.73,00:07:55.72
But each year up to five thousand[br]turtles manage to do so and then,
00:07:56.73,00:07:59.73
close to the coast of Ascension,[br]they mate
00:07:59.73,00:08:03.73
Travelling to and from Ascension and[br]nesting here can take up to six months
00:08:05.74,00:08:09.73
and throughout that entire time,[br]none of them feed at all
00:08:12.75,00:08:15.75
After mating a female has to[br]leave her natural element
00:08:15.75,00:08:19.75
and haul herself up onto land
00:08:19.75,00:08:22.76
She does so at night,[br]laying about three or four times
00:08:22.76,00:08:25.76
at around fifteen day intervals
00:08:25.76,00:08:29.76
After that she then swims all the way[br]back to the seas off Brazil
00:08:29.76,00:08:33.77
She returns to this very same[br]island throughout her life
00:08:33.77,00:08:37.76
Remarkably, all the world's sea turtles[br]return year after year
00:08:38.77,00:08:42.77
to just a few traditional[br]breeding sites
00:08:43.78,00:08:47.77
Crab Island, in Australia,[br]is one of them
00:08:48.78,00:08:51.79
This tiny two-mile long crescent of sand,
00:08:51.79,00:08:54.79
lying a few miles off[br]Queensland's northerly tip,
00:08:54.79,00:08:58.79
provides nesting sites[br]for half the entire population
00:08:58.79,00:09:02.80
of one of the world's[br]rarest sea turtles
00:09:02.80,00:09:05.80
Flat-backed turtles are large,[br]over a metre long
00:09:05.80,00:09:07.80
- but they have to be careful
00:09:07.80,00:09:10.80
There are other giant[br]reptiles here too
00:09:10.80,00:09:14.80
Salt-water crocodiles
00:09:17.81,00:09:19.81
Every night throughout the year
00:09:19.81,00:09:23.81
there are flat-backs burying their eggs[br]all along this lonely stretch of sand
00:09:37.83,00:09:41.82
Nine weeks later and things[br]are about to happen
00:09:48.84,00:09:52.84
These eyes shining in the darkness[br]belong to night herons
00:09:58.85,00:10:02.85
As if from nowhere, hundreds of birds[br]suddenly appear on the sand dunes
00:10:03.86,00:10:07.86
Pelicans wait patiently
00:10:07.86,00:10:11.85
Jabiru storks pace up and down
00:10:14.87,00:10:18.86
Before long they see what[br]they've been waiting for.
00:10:41.90,00:10:44.90
Because these turtles lay[br]their eggs throughout the year,
00:10:44.90,00:10:48.89
the hatchlings emerge night after night[br]in a steady trickle of beak sized meals
00:11:10.92,00:11:14.93
Pelican's broad beaks allow[br]them to dig out the hatchlings
00:11:14.93,00:11:18.92
before the herons can spear[br]them on the surface
00:11:22.94,00:11:24.94
The surf may be hundreds of metres away
00:11:24.94,00:11:28.93
and at least a third of the tiny turtles[br]do not survive the journey
00:11:30.94,00:11:34.94
And its not just the birds[br]that take them
00:11:37.95,00:11:41.96
Crocodiles, sharks and hungry fish[br]are all waiting in the shallows
00:11:41.96,00:11:45.95
In fact only one in every hundred[br]hatchlings will survive to adulthood
00:11:55.97,00:11:59.96
Another beach, another continent,[br]and a very special night
00:12:00.97,00:12:04.97
Here in Costa Rica there is a turtle which[br]has found a way of reducing these dangers
00:12:06.98,00:12:09.98
When Ridley's turtles arrive[br]to lay their eggs
00:12:09.98,00:12:13.98
they don't come in tens or hundreds...[br]but in thousands
00:12:15.99,00:12:19.98
Over the next six days around four hundred[br]thousand females will visit this beach
00:12:23.00,00:12:26.99
At the peak time, five thousand[br]are coming and going each hour
00:12:28.00,00:12:32.01
The beach gets so crowded that[br]they have to clamber over one another
00:12:32.01,00:12:36.00
to find a bare patch of sand[br]where they can dig a nest hole
00:12:39.01,00:12:42.02
Forty million eggs are laid[br]in these few days
00:12:42.02,00:12:45.02
So these turtles ensure[br]that six weeks later
00:12:45.02,00:12:49.01
when their hatchlings emerge[br]it's not just a trickle
00:12:50.02,00:12:54.02
It's a flood
00:13:02.04,00:13:06.03
On some nights, over two million[br]hatchlings race down to the sea together
00:13:17.05,00:13:19.05
With so many appearing simultaneously,
00:13:19.05,00:13:23.05
the predators are overwhelmed and most[br]of the young turtles reach the sea safely
00:13:38.07,00:13:42.08
Leaving the sea and emerging onto[br]land is hard enough for turtles
00:13:42.08,00:13:46.07
It'd even harder for fish
00:13:52.09,00:13:56.09
Each year for hundreds of miles[br]along the Newfoundland coast,
00:13:56.09,00:14:00.08
capelin throw themselves[br]onto the beaches
00:14:26.12,00:14:30.11
At least a million tonnes of[br]fish floundering out of the water
00:14:31.12,00:14:35.12
- a real gift for scavenging[br]eagles and gulls
00:14:54.15,00:14:57.15
Odd though it may seem for a fish,[br]these capelin,
00:14:57.15,00:15:01.14
like the turtles, have also[br]come out of the sea to breed
00:15:13.17,00:15:16.17
The males are trying to[br]fertilise the eggs
00:15:16.17,00:15:20.17
that the females are[br]depositing in the sand
00:15:20.17,00:15:21.17
Like the Ridley's turtles,
00:15:21.17,00:15:25.17
they have synchronised their mass[br]laying with the tide
00:15:26.18,00:15:29.18
In a few days it will be over
00:15:29.18,00:15:33.18
Most of the capelin die but only after[br]they've left their eggs in the sand
00:15:37.19,00:15:39.19
Other capelin populations[br]lay their eggs
00:15:39.19,00:15:43.19
in the ocean so why do the[br]Newfoundland fish spawn on land
00:15:44.20,00:15:47.20
It seems that eggs deposited in[br]the beach may be safer
00:15:47.20,00:15:51.19
from predators and develop faster[br]than in colder waters out to sea
00:15:55.21,00:15:58.21
But wherever they do so,[br]the huge spawning shoals
00:15:58.21,00:16:02.20
provide the concentration of food that[br]seabirds need when they assemble to breed
00:16:07.22,00:16:11.22
Ninety five percent of the[br]world's seabirds nest together,
00:16:11.22,00:16:15.22
mostly in large spectacular colonies
00:16:17.23,00:16:21.22
This is Funk Island forty miles[br]off the coast of Newfoundland
00:16:22.24,00:16:26.23
- an isolated rock crammed[br]with breeding sea-birds
00:16:34.25,00:16:38.24
This was the last breeding ground for the[br]flightless Great Auk, sadly now extinct
00:16:40.25,00:16:44.26
Today it's still the world's[br]largest Guillemot colony
00:16:44.26,00:16:48.25
Over a million of them share the[br]crowded island with 250,000 gannets
00:16:52.27,00:16:54.27
It's not the lack of suitable sites
00:16:54.27,00:16:58.27
that causes the seabirds[br]to breed in such densities
00:16:58.27,00:17:01.27
Here in the North Atlantic,[br]there's a wide choice of
00:17:01.27,00:17:04.28
empty coastline that[br]the birds could use
00:17:04.28,00:17:07.28
The key factor limiting the size[br]and location of seabird colonies
00:17:07.28,00:17:11.27
seems to be the availability of food[br]in the surrounding ocean
00:17:17.29,00:17:21.28
There are lots of hungry mouths to feed[br]and a constant demand for fish
00:17:28.30,00:17:31.30
Throughout the long summer days[br]at colonies like funk,
00:17:31.30,00:17:35.30
There's a continual stream of birds,[br]heading out to the ocean to find food
00:17:36.31,00:17:40.30
and returning with full crops[br]to feed their young
00:17:48.32,00:17:51.32
Gannets will travel up[br]to two hundred miles
00:17:51.32,00:17:54.33
from the colony on[br]a single foraging trip
00:17:54.33,00:17:57.33
They are not fussy eaters[br]and will take everything
00:17:57.33,00:18:01.32
- from tiny sand eels to herring
00:18:13.35,00:18:15.35
Puffins, on the other hand,[br]are very particular about
00:18:15.35,00:18:19.35
what they eat and because they can[br]only fly short distances,
00:18:19.35,00:18:23.35
they only nest where there's a good[br]supply of suitable food close by
00:18:30.36,00:18:34.36
One such place is the sea of Okhotsk[br]in far eastern Russia
00:18:37.37,00:18:41.36
This is the island of Talan
00:18:43.38,00:18:47.38
Throughout the long arctic winter,[br]it is encircled by ice
00:18:47.38,00:18:50.38
But as spring approaches,[br]that begins to break up
00:18:50.38,00:18:53.39
and seabirds that have spent[br]the winter feeding out
00:18:53.39,00:18:57.38
on the open ocean far to[br]the south begin to return
00:19:02.40,00:19:06.39
Its isolated position and steep cliffs[br]make Talan a perfect nesting site
00:19:10.40,00:19:12.41
The Tufted Puffins arrive first
00:19:12.41,00:19:16.40
These are the Pacific cousins of[br]our less spectacular Atlantic species
00:19:21.41,00:19:25.42
Horned puffins soon follow
00:19:25.42,00:19:29.42
In all, fourteen different species[br]return to Talan each spring
00:19:29.42,00:19:33.43
and in just a few weeks[br]the once silent cliffs
00:19:33.43,00:19:37.42
come alive to the calls of[br]4 million breeding seabirds
00:19:41.43,00:19:45.43
This is a multi-storey avian city
00:19:53.45,00:19:57.44
Assembling in these dense colonies after[br]having spent a largely solitary life
00:19:58.45,00:20:01.45
at sea provides the birds with[br]the social stimulation
00:20:01.45,00:20:05.45
that is the key to co-ordinating[br]their breeding
00:20:07.46,00:20:10.46
By nesting and laying together[br]they ensure that
00:20:10.46,00:20:14.47
most of their chicks will leave[br]the nest at exactly the same time
00:20:14.47,00:20:18.46
Just like the turtles this is the way[br]they spread the impact of predators
00:20:22.48,00:20:26.48
The world's largest eagle[br]- Steller's sea eagle
00:20:26.48,00:20:30.47
A third as big again as a golden
00:20:32.49,00:20:36.48
Throughout the summer, the eagles[br]hunt in Talan's crowded colonies
00:20:48.50,00:20:52.51
Riding on the updrafts,[br]they patrol the top of the cliffs,
00:20:52.51,00:20:56.50
Iooking out for any Kittiwake[br]that ventures too far from the rock face
00:21:02.52,00:21:06.51
Suddenly the huge eagle stoops[br]with the aerial agility of a falcon
00:21:15.53,00:21:19.52
Co-ordinated panic among the kittiwakes[br]confuses their attacker
00:21:34.55,00:21:38.54
But the eagle doesn't give up
00:21:48.56,00:21:52.55
And it has got one
00:22:04.58,00:22:08.57
Another kind of seabird on Talan[br]has a particularly effective way
00:22:09.58,00:22:11.58
of defending itself against predators
00:22:11.58,00:22:15.58
- but it doesn't appear until[br]an hour before sunset
00:22:19.59,00:22:23.59
As if from nowhere, dense swarms of[br]seabirds suddenly arrive off-shore
00:22:29.60,00:22:33.60
They're spent the day feeding far away,[br]where the sea ice has already broken up
00:22:35.61,00:22:39.61
They are crested auklets,[br]hardly bigger than starlings
00:22:39.61,00:22:43.61
A million of them return to Talan each[br]year to nest in its fields of boulders
00:22:51.62,00:22:54.63
For an hour before sunset,[br]the hillsides comes alive
00:22:54.63,00:22:58.63
with huge flocks of circling auklets[br]They're nervous
00:22:58.63,00:23:02.62
No one wants to be the first to land
00:23:08.64,00:23:11.64
Auklets are very social when[br]they are back together at the coast
00:23:11.64,00:23:14.65
One of the advantages of nesting[br]in such densities
00:23:14.65,00:23:18.65
may be the chance to share[br]information on good feeding sites
00:23:18.65,00:23:22.64
It also gives them the[br]opportunity to court
00:23:26.66,00:23:30.65
But perhaps most importantly,[br]there is safety in numbers
00:23:36.67,00:23:40.66
Ravens and peregrines circle above[br]the scree slope every evening
00:23:56.69,00:24:00.68
By taking off together,[br]the auklets hope to confuse the predators
00:24:31.72,00:24:35.72
Eventually their persistence[br]pays off
00:24:44.74,00:24:47.74
The birds that face the[br]greatest challenge in coming
00:24:47.74,00:24:51.73
to the coast to nest are[br]surely the penguins
00:25:03.76,00:25:07.75
Unable to fly, they have no alternative[br]but to brave the immense waves
00:25:20.77,00:25:22.78
Most penguins live in the southern ocean
00:25:22.78,00:25:26.77
and they have to accept being[br]hurled about by the surf
00:25:44.80,00:25:48.79
Whatever the weather, the penguin parents[br]have to come back to feed their chicks
00:25:59.81,00:26:01.81
A southern sea lion bull
00:26:01.81,00:26:05.81
- he knows the penguins always use[br]the same traditional landing beach
00:26:10.82,00:26:12.83
Having braved the thundering surf,
00:26:12.83,00:26:16.82
the penguins have to make a mad dash[br]across open rock to get to their nests
00:26:38.85,00:26:42.86
Despite his massive size and[br]a body adapted for swimming,
00:26:42.86,00:26:46.85
the bull chases the penguins for forty[br]or fifty metres across the rocks
00:27:39.91,00:27:43.91
Having caught his penguin, the sea lion[br]carries it out into deeper water where,
00:27:44.92,00:27:48.91
by violently thrashing the little body,[br]he skins his meal
00:27:58.93,00:28:02.92
The seas around the Falklands are some[br]of the roughest in the world
00:28:04.94,00:28:08.93
In spite of that, the southern ocean[br]is home to millions of tiny seabirds
00:28:09.94,00:28:12.95
hardly bigger than swallows-petrels
00:28:12.95,00:28:15.95
Being so small they are very[br]vulnerable to the bad weather
00:28:15.95,00:28:18.95
A severe storm can blow[br]them miles off course
00:28:18.95,00:28:22.96
and keep them away from[br]their nests for days
00:28:22.96,00:28:26.95
But these birds have developed a very[br]effective solution to that problem
00:28:29.96,00:28:32.97
They lay a rather special egg
00:28:32.97,00:28:36.96
Most bird's eggs, left exposed for even[br]a few hours, will chill and never hatch
00:28:38.97,00:28:40.97
But these eggs are different
00:28:40.97,00:28:43.98
They can be left for several days[br]without incubation and remain undamaged...
00:28:43.98,00:28:47.97
...while the parents struggle[br]home through the storm
00:28:51.98,00:28:55.98
Prions have also come up with[br]a good way to avoid most predators
00:28:56.99,00:29:00.98
They never come back to the[br]coast until after dark
00:29:03.00,00:29:06.00
These are Thin-billed Prions
00:29:06.00,00:29:10.00
Their burrows honeycomb this[br]hillside in the Falklands
00:29:10.00,00:29:12.00
It'd deserted throughout[br]the daylight hours...
00:29:12.00,00:29:14.01
...but as soon as it's dark
00:29:14.01,00:29:17.01
and difficult for airborne[br]predators to hunt...
00:29:17.01,00:29:21.00
...the prions return
00:29:26.02,00:29:30.01
As soon as they land, they call
00:29:34.03,00:29:35.03
The problem, of course...
00:29:35.03,00:29:39.02
...is finding your burrow[br]among all the others
00:29:40.03,00:29:44.04
He's listening out for[br]his mate's call...
00:29:44.04,00:29:48.03
...and down he goes.
00:29:53.05,00:29:55.05
The Alaskan coast
00:29:55.05,00:29:59.04
It's spring and the last of[br]the winter storms is subsiding
00:30:02.05,00:30:06.06
The plankton in this sea is in[br]bloom again and just off shore,
00:30:06.06,00:30:10.05
humpback whales have[br]returned to feed
00:30:15.07,00:30:19.06
For these huge animals, there is a real[br]risk in coming into such shallow water
00:30:20.07,00:30:24.07
and each year a good number[br]of them pay the price
00:30:29.08,00:30:32.08
It is an ignominious ending[br]for an ageing whale
00:30:32.08,00:30:36.08
But so much flesh will not go to waste
00:30:37.09,00:30:41.08
A black bear emerges[br]cautiously from the woods
00:30:50.10,00:30:54.10
Visitors to the coast that don't come to[br]breed, have usually come to scavenge
00:30:56.11,00:30:59.11
A whole range of different animals[br]have learnt to exploit
00:30:59.11,00:31:01.11
the enormous quantity of food...
00:31:01.11,00:31:05.11
.....that washes up everyday on[br]coastlines around the world
00:31:06.12,00:31:10.12
But like so much at the coast[br]the quantity of flotsam
00:31:10.12,00:31:12.12
and jetsam is unpredictable
00:31:12.12,00:31:16.12
Nobody can rely on it alone
00:31:19.13,00:31:23.12
This carcass even attracted[br]a shy pack of wolves only too happy
00:31:24.14,00:31:25.14
to anoint themselves with the...
00:31:25.14,00:31:29.13
...scent of rotting whale
00:31:32.14,00:31:34.15
It was months before the[br]scavengers finally
00:31:34.15,00:31:37.15
cleaned up all the meat[br]on this huge and...
00:31:37.15,00:31:41.14
...unpredictable gift from the sea
00:31:46.16,00:31:50.15
Whales give birth to their young at sea[br]and so can spend their entire lives there
00:31:52.16,00:31:56.17
Other marine mammals - one of that are[br]in fact distant cousins of bears
00:31:56.17,00:32:00.16
- have to return... each year to[br]their ancestral home on land
00:32:06.18,00:32:10.17
The high arctic[br]Here lives one of them...the walrus
00:32:20.19,00:32:23.20
Walruses spend nearly[br]all their lives at sea,
00:32:23.20,00:32:25.20
but each year for just a few weeks...
00:32:25.20,00:32:29.19
...they have to return to the coast.
00:32:30.20,00:32:33.21
They seek out isolated beaches[br]like this one on Round Island in the...
00:32:33.21,00:32:36.21
...far northern Pacific
00:32:36.21,00:32:40.21
Suitable sites like this,[br]free from bears, are so scarce...
00:32:40.21,00:32:43.22
...that at times as many as[br]fourteen thousand animals
00:32:43.22,00:32:45.22
will cram themselves on to this...
00:32:45.22,00:32:49.21
...one beach
00:32:55.23,00:32:58.23
When they first emerge from[br]the sea the walrus are white
00:32:58.23,00:33:02.23
That's because being warm-blooded[br]animals living in very cold ocean,
00:33:02.23,00:33:05.24
they conserve heat by...
00:33:05.24,00:33:09.24
...keeping their blood concentrated[br]in the core of their bodies
00:33:09.24,00:33:12.24
On land it's warm enough for them[br]to allow their...
00:33:12.24,00:33:16.24
...outer blood vessels to dilate and[br]that turns their skin from white to pink
00:33:26.26,00:33:29.26
Now they can moult the outer[br]layers of their skin,
00:33:29.26,00:33:33.25
rubbing themselves up[br]against the rocks
00:33:35.27,00:33:38.27
But more than anything[br]else coming to land
00:33:38.27,00:33:41.27
brings the walrus relief[br]from having to spend energy
00:33:41.27,00:33:45.27
maintaining their body temperature[br]in an icy-cold ocean
00:33:49.28,00:33:52.28
Heat conservation, in fact, may well[br]be the primary reason so many...
00:33:52.28,00:33:56.28
...sea mammals are forced to[br]return to the land each year
00:34:02.29,00:34:06.29
The world's coldest seas[br]are in Antarctica
00:34:07.30,00:34:10.30
Each spring, half the world's[br]Southern Elephant seals
00:34:10.30,00:34:14.31
return to the island[br]of South Georgia
00:34:14.31,00:34:18.30
Elephant seals have particularly thick[br]insulation of blubber that keeps them warm
00:34:19.31,00:34:23.30
For them breeding is the only[br]reason to leave the sea
00:34:29.32,00:34:31.32
With temperatures down[br]to minus 20...
00:34:31.32,00:34:35.32
...and hundred mile an hour winds,[br]it can't be comfortable out on the beach,
00:34:36.33,00:34:38.33
but heat dissipates more[br]rapidly through water...
00:34:38.33,00:34:42.33
...than through air so even[br]in these conditions...
00:34:42.33,00:34:45.34
...their young which at first[br]don't have a thick coat
00:34:45.34,00:34:49.34
of blubber will be far[br]warmer on the land
00:34:49.34,00:34:53.33
Once the males are established on the[br]beach the females soon follow
00:34:58.35,00:35:02.34
Within just ten days the empty beach[br]fills up with six thousand elephant seals
00:35:06.36,00:35:10.35
Almost immediately the females give[br]birth to pups sired the previous year
00:35:21.37,00:35:25.37
Their milk is very rich and the pups[br]grow astonishingly quickly
00:35:33.39,00:35:37.38
In just three weeks they turn form thin[br]bags of skin to fat balls of blubber
00:35:41.39,00:35:42.39
As soon as they've given birth,
00:35:42.39,00:35:45.40
the females become sexually[br]receptive again...
00:35:45.40,00:35:48.40
...and it's now that the[br]advantages of breeding
00:35:48.40,00:35:51.40
in such dense colonies become clear
00:35:51.40,00:35:53.41
Females can make their[br]choice from many males,
00:35:53.41,00:35:57.40
while successful males can[br]have access to lots of females
00:36:04.42,00:36:08.42
But to gain that access and[br]control a harem of females,
00:36:08.42,00:36:12.41
the bull must be prepared to fight
00:36:32.44,00:36:36.44
The larger the male, the louder the roar[br]and the more likely he is to win
00:36:47.46,00:36:51.45
When males are well matched these bloody[br]battles will last twenty minutes or more
00:37:12.48,00:37:16.48
Eventually, the loser retreats into[br]a stream already pink with his own blood
00:37:29.50,00:37:33.51
These battles certainly help females[br]select the strongest bulls...
00:37:33.51,00:37:37.50
...but they bring great[br]dangers for the pups.
00:37:46.52,00:37:48.52
Each year, in the denser[br]parts of the colony,
00:37:48.52,00:37:52.52
a fifth of the pups are[br]crushed to death
00:37:52.52,00:37:55.53
This is why it may[br]be better to mate
00:37:55.53,00:37:59.52
at the edge of the beach[br]close to the sea
00:38:03.54,00:38:06.54
Less dominant males hide[br]in the surf
00:38:06.54,00:38:09.54
They are waiting to try[br]and steal an illicit mating...
00:38:09.54,00:38:13.53
...with females as[br]they come and go
00:38:16.55,00:38:18.55
This male knows he has been[br]spotted by the big bull
00:38:18.55,00:38:22.54
who claims all the females[br]on this part of the beach
00:39:25.62,00:39:29.61
Breeding in groups can bring advantages[br]to pups as well as to adults
00:39:36.63,00:39:40.62
Along the coast of Patagonia southern sea[br]lions breed together each year
00:39:41.63,00:39:45.64
in groups several hundred strong
00:39:45.64,00:39:49.64
For the growing pups these colonies[br]act rather like a school
00:39:49.64,00:39:52.64
The bonds and relationships[br]developed here on the beach
00:39:52.64,00:39:55.65
may be vital for the[br]rest of their lives
00:39:55.65,00:39:59.64
Sea lions are very social animals[br]and as adults and young forage together,
00:40:00.65,00:40:01.65
they probably share...
00:40:01.65,00:40:05.65
...information about the location[br]of good feeding sites
00:40:07.66,00:40:11.65
Conditions here could hardly be better[br]for the growing youngsters
00:40:12.66,00:40:16.66
As the tide goes out it leaves behind[br]a selection of sheltered pools
00:40:18.67,00:40:22.66
Perfect places for[br]learning to swim
00:40:55.71,00:40:56.71
At high tide...
00:40:56.71,00:41:00.70
...it is easy for the pups to take their[br]first experimental dips in the surf
00:41:35.75,00:41:39.75
A killer whale
00:41:39.75,00:41:43.74
These young pups have never seen[br]anything like it before
00:41:55.77,00:41:58.77
The Whales though are[br]very experienced
00:41:58.77,00:42:01.77
Each year this same group turns[br]up along the coast
00:42:01.77,00:42:05.77
at precisely the same time[br]as the pups are starting to swim
00:42:15.79,00:42:17.79
The whales need to surprise the pups,
00:42:17.79,00:42:21.78
so they have stopped calling[br]to one another and keep silent
00:42:30.80,00:42:34.80
Speed is everything
00:42:36.81,00:42:39.81
The whales do not take pups[br]that are out of the water,
00:42:39.81,00:42:42.81
but sometimes their momentum[br]drives them right up the beach
00:42:42.81,00:42:46.81
and then there's real danger[br]of getting stuck
00:44:19.91,00:44:23.90
The whale has to thrash in this[br]frenzied way to get off the beach
00:44:24.92,00:44:28.92
Most of the pups are taken into deep[br]water while they're still alive
00:44:28.92,00:44:32.91
And there the whales - apparently[br]- play with them
00:44:55.95,00:44:59.95
Often an adult whale is joined[br]in the game by a youngster
00:44:59.95,00:45:03.94
It may be learning how to grab a seal pup[br]before it risks a drive up the beach
00:45:13.97,00:45:16.97
Whatever the reason the seal pup[br]- still alive
00:45:16.97,00:45:20.96
- is tossed back and forth[br]for over half an hour
00:45:54.01,00:45:58.00
Even when the pup is dead, the whales'[br]sport is not completely over
00:46:29.04,00:46:33.03
We can only speculate at the real reasons[br]behind this extraordinary behaviour
00:46:47.06,00:46:51.06
But for the whales, the hunting[br]season is a short one
00:46:51.06,00:46:55.07
Before long the pups learn to[br]stay well clear of the water
00:46:55.07,00:46:58.07
and the whales become less[br]and less successful
00:46:58.07,00:47:02.07
After just two weeks, they move on
00:47:02.07,00:47:06.07
The killing season is over
00:47:15.09,00:47:17.09
That's how it often happens[br]along the coast
00:47:17.09,00:47:20.09
Things are always changing
00:47:20.09,00:47:23.09
They're never the same[br]for long in this,
00:47:23.09,00:47:27.09
the most dynamic of all[br]the ocean's habitats |
B-Happy
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Bugs Bunny - Frigid Hare (1949)
Bugs Bunny - Hair-Raising Hare (1946)
Bugs Bunny - Haredevil Hare (1948)
Bugs Bunny - Long Haired Hare (1949)
Bugs Bunny - My Bunny Lies Over the Sea (1948)
Bugs Bunny - Rabbits Kin (1952)
Bugs Bunny - Tortoise Wins by a Hare (1943)
Bugs Bunny - Wabbit Twouble (1941)
Bugs Bunny - Water Water Every Hare (1952)
Bugs Bunny - Whats Up Doc (1950)
Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck - Rabbit Fire (1951)
Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck - Rabbit Seasoning (1952)
Bugs Bunny and Elmer - Rabbit of Seville (1950)
Bugs Bunny and Taz - Devil May Hare (1954)
Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam - Ballot Box Bunny (1951)
Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam - Big House Bunny (1950)
Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam - Bunker Hill Bunny (1950)
Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam - High Diving Hare (1949)
Bugs Life A
Bullet Ballet
Bullet in the Head
Bulletproof Monk 2003
Bullets Over Broadway
Bully (Unrated Theatrical Edition)
Burning Paradise (Ringo Lam 1994)
Burnt Money
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid A Special Edition
Butchers Wife The
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